This workbook provides lessons and activities examining the human body and the body defense systems. The Orpheum Children's Science Museum in Champaign, Illinois, provides many hands-on science experiences for children and adults. One of the most fascinating exhibits is the human body torso with removable parts. In conjunction with the human body, the body's defense system is an integral part of the total body's function.

Teacher Notes:

This workbook provides the teacher with an interactive human body torso on-line model. It is a pre-lesson activity to prepare students for a visit to the Orpheum or can be used to compliment classroom instruction. The on-line torso is patterned after the human torso exhibit that can be found at the Orpheum. The Body Defense System Game can be used as a learning activity to enhance the study of the human body and defense systems. Teachers can print out the game flash cards (included below) for use in the classroom.

Suggested Resources:

http://www.InnerBody.com

Gelman, Rita G.. Body Battles, New York: Scholastics, Inc., 1992.

Parker, Steve, The Body and How It Works, New York: Dorling Kindersley Inc., 1992.

Settel, J. and Baggett, N,. Why Does My Nose Run: and Other Questions Kids Ask About Their Bodies. New York: Atheneum, 1985.

Walker, Richard, The Children's Atlas Of The Human Body: London: Quarto Children's Books Ltd., 1994.

Grade Level: Adaptable

Lesson Objective: After reading and discussing the book Body Battles, the children should be able to identify and match which body defense (skin, cilia, earwax, stomach acid, white blood cells, brain) fights viruses and bacteria in various parts of the human body.

Materials:

1. Body Battles by Rita Gelman
   
2. Sets of seven flash cards, one for each body defense (below)
3. Question cards (from Body Battles by Rita Gelman)

Vocabulary:

• Skin
• Mucus
• Cilia
• Earwax
• Stomach acid
• White blood cells
• Brain

Procedure:

1. Introduce the book Body Battles and the body's defense system. Using KWL Chart provided below, conduct a session about the children's knowledge regarding germs and bacteria.
2. Read the book Body Battles by Rita Gelman.
3. Review the body defenses presented in the book by asking children what defenses they remember. As each defense is named, ask the children how it helps to keep their bodies healthy.
4. Pass out the sets of Body Flash Cards and explain that each child has received a set of seven cards with the seven body defenses on them.
5. Explain the rules and play the Body Defense Game.

RULES:

Divide the class into equal teams, if possible, as you explain the following:
"I will read a question to the entire class that describes the funtion of a body defense. To answer, hold up the appropriate body defense card that I am describing. When all the members of a team are holding up the right card, they will receive a point. You will have thirty seconds to hold up your cards. More than one team can get a point if all the members have the right card showing. Make sure your cards are facing the front of the room so other teams do not see your answers. The team with the most points at the end of the game will win."

Evalutation-Students:

1. Were the children able to recall the seven body defenses after the book was read?
2. Did the children hold up the appropriate body defense card and work together as a team?
3. Did the children enjoy the lesson?

Evaluation-Teacher:

1. Did students use the vocabulary from the book effectively during the game?
2. Were the questions appropriate and on the children's level?
3. Were the cards effective and did the game run smoothly?

Skin	Mucus
Cilia	Earwax
Stomach acid	White blood cells
Brain